The interesting part is that on a completely identical computer, except the video card, everything worked correctly.
Googling around, I realized that it could be due to my dual-GPU Nvidia GTX 590, that may be not correctly supported by the open source driver, Noveau. The workaround is to use the "nomodeset" flag under the "other options" menu.
Once installed, you can set Nvidia's proprietary driver, which works in a seemless way.